5,180 research outputs found
Nach dem Deutschstudium in Afrika wird man – was? Eine Überprüfung der Zielsetzungen der Deutschabteilung der Universität Lomé anhand einer Verbleibstudie
This paper reports on an investigation of the value of German Studies in eventual employment of students in this field. The objectives of German Studies in Africa have to include an indication of how inclusion in the curriculum is legitimized. Three approaches towards legitimization have developed since the establishment of German Departments at African Universities, namely (i) German Studies with a view to research and epistemological science, (ii) German in intercultural studies, and (iii)career-oriented German language learning. In this paper the implementation of these approaches will be examined on the basis of the objectives set out by the German Department at the University ofLomé. This will be done by discussing the results of a survey on the professional whereabouts of Togolese German Studies graduates to demonstrate the extent to which the objectives of the various approaches have been met. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for the programmes of the German Department at the University of Lomé.Keywords: legitimization debate, distribution survey, teaching German in Africa, German language and literature studies in AfricaSchlüsselbegriffe: Legitimierungsdebatte, Verbleibstudie, Deutschunterricht in Afrika, Germanistik in Afrik
Improved preparation of 9-octadecenes
Organic synthesis of cis-9 and trans-9 octadecenes from oleyl alcohol and elaidyl alcohol, respectively, by conversion to tosylates followed by lithium aluminum hydride reductio
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Curran: Establishing an Implied Private Right of Action Under the Commodity Exchange Act
In the case of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Curran, the United States Supreme Court held that there is an implied private right of action under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended. As a result of this holding, a private party may maintain an action for damages caused by a violation of the Commodity Exchange Act. In this article, the author examines the Supreme Court\u27s analysis and explores the future impact of the decision in light of the role the judiciary has in legislative matters
The Quasar-frame Velocity Distribution of Narrow CIV Absorbers
We report on a survey for narrow (FWHM < 600 km/s) CIV absorption lines in a
sample of bright quasars at redshifts in the Sloan Digital
Sky Survey. Our main goal is to understand the relationship of narrow CIV
absorbers to quasar outflows and, more generally, to quasar environments. We
determine velocity zero-points using the broad MgII emission line, and then
measure the absorbers' quasar-frame velocity distribution. We examine the
distribution of lines arising in quasar outflows by subtracting model fits to
the contributions from cosmologically intervening absorbers and absorption due
to the quasar host galaxy or cluster environment. We find a substantial number
( per cent) of absorbers with REW \AA in the velocity range
+750 km/s \la v \la +12000 km/s are intrinsic to the AGN outflow. This
`outflow fraction' peaks near km/s with a value of . At velocities below km/s the incidence
of outflowing systems drops, possibly due to geometric effects or to the
over-ionization of gas that is nearer the accretion disk. Furthermore, we find
that outflow-absorbers are on average broader and stronger than
cosmologically-intervening systems. Finally, we find that per cent of
the quasars in our sample exhibit narrow, outflowing CIV absorption with REW \AA, slightly larger than that for broad absorption line systems.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Coherence properties of infrared thermal emission from heated metallic nanowires
Coherence properties of the infrared thermal radiation from individual heated
nanowires are investigated as function of nanowire dimensions. Interfering the
thermally induced radiation from a heated nanowire with its image in a nearby
moveable mirror, well-defined fringes are observed. From the fringe visibility,
the coherence length of the thermal emission radiation from the narrowest
nanowires was estimated to be at least 20 um which is much larger than expected
from a classical blackbody radiator. A significant increase in coherence and
emission efficiency is observed for smaller nanowires.Comment: 4 pages,figures include
The Origins of a Rich Absorption Line Complex in a Quasar at Redshift 3.45
We discuss the nature and origin of a rich complex of narrow absorption lines
in the quasar J102325.31+514251.0 at redshift 3.447. We measure nine C
IV(\lambda1548,1551) absorption line systems with velocities from -1400 to
-6200 km/s, and full widths at half minimum ranging from 16 to 350 km/s. We
also detect other absorption lines in these systems, including H I, C III, N V,
O VI, and Si IV. Lower ionisation lines are not present, indicating a generally
high degree of ionisation in all nine systems. The total hydrogen column
densities range from <=10^{17.2} to 10^{19.1}cm^{-2}. We examine several
diagnostics to estimate more directly the location and origin of each absorber.
Four of the systems can be attributed to a quasar-driven outflow based on line
profiles that are smooth and broad compared to thermal line widths. Several
systems also have other indicators of a quasar outflow origin, including
partial covering. Altogether there is direct evidence for 6 of the 9 systems
forming in a quasar outflow. Consistent with a near-quasar origin, eight of the
systems have metallicity values or lower limits in the range Z >= 1-8 Z_{sun}.
The lowest velocity system, which has an ambiguous location, also has the
lowest metallicity, Z <= 0.3 Z_{sun}, and might form in a non-outflow
environment farther from the quasar. Overall, however, this complex of narrow
absorption lines can be identified with a highly structured, multi-component
outflow from the quasar. The high metallicities are similar to those derived
for other quasars at similar redshifts and luminosities, and are consistent
with evolution scenarios wherein quasars appear after the main episodes of star
formation and metal enrichment in the host galaxies.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, Accepted to MNRAS, July 201
Optimising Boltzmann codes for the Planck era
High precision measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
anisotropies, as can be expected from the Planck satellite, will require
high-accuracy theoretical predictions as well. One possible source of
theoretical uncertainty is the numerical error in the output of the Boltzmann
codes used to calculate angular power spectra. In this work, we carry out an
extensive study of the numerical accuracy of the public Boltzmann code CAMB,
and identify a set of parameters which determine the error of its output. We
show that at the current default settings, the cosmological parameters
extracted from data of future experiments like Planck can be biased by several
tenths of a standard deviation for the six parameters of the standard
Lambda-CDM model, and potentially more seriously for extended models. We
perform an optimisation procedure that leads the code to achieve sufficient
precision while at the same time keeping the computation time within reasonable
limits. Our conclusion is that the contribution of numerical errors to the
theoretical uncertainty of model predictions is well under control -- the main
challenges for more accurate calculations of CMB spectra will be of an
astrophysical nature instead.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
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